| A Comprehensive Review of Electric Vehicle Battery Technologies: Materials, Performance, Thermal Management, Sustainability, and Future Directions |
| کد مقاله : 1278-NAEC |
| نویسندگان |
|
منصور حکیم الهی * عضو هیات علمی |
| چکیده مقاله |
| Electric Vehicle (EV) batteries are central to the transition toward sustainable transportation. Lithium‑ion (Li‑ion) systems currently dominate EV applications but face ongoing challenges including thermal management, cost, limited driving range, resource constraints, lifecycle degradation, safety risks, and environmental impacts. This review provides an extensive examination of EV battery technologies, including component materials (cathode, anode, electrolyte, separator), performance determinants (energy/power density, charge/discharge dynamics, degradation mechanisms), advanced Battery Management Systems (BMS) with machine learning integration, thermal control strategies, safety standards, recycling and second‑life uses, emerging battery chemistries (solid‑state, sodium‑ion, lithium‑sulfur, metal‑air), economic and market trends, sustainability metrics, and future research directions. The article synthesizes findings from recent studies, identifies knowledge gaps, and proposes integrated approaches to improve EV battery performance, safety, and sustainability for next‑generation electrified mobility Electrification of transportation is a cornerstone of global strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, improve air quality, and shift away from fossil fuel dependency. EV batteries not only determine vehicle range and performance but also influence cost, safety, lifecycle sustainability, and consumer acceptance. Lithium‑ion technology—predominantly nickel‑manganese‑cobalt (NMC), lithium iron phosphate (LFP), and lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA) chemistries—has achieved widespread commercial success due to its relatively high energy density, mature manufacturing base, and scalable supply chains |
| کلیدواژه ها |
| Electric vehicle batteries, lithium‑ion, solid‑state, battery management systems (BMS), thermal management, sustainability, recycling, second‑life applications |
| وضعیت: پذیرفته شده |
